CARDIOSIM | Systemic Network 6

Systemic Network 6 (1/12).

The electric analogue of the systemic circulation consists of twelve different comparments. Each compartment is explained in the following slides. Qria is the input right atrial flow; Qlo is the ouput left ventricular flow; Qartery (Qvenous) is the coronary artery (venous) blood flow; Rthor is the thoracic resistance. All compartments are modelled using lumped parameter models (0-D).

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (2/12).

In this numerical model the "ascending aorta and aortic arch" are divided in two compartments. This slide shows the firts compartment: Qaa₁ (Qaa₂) is the "ascending aorta and aortic arch" flow in the first (second) section. This first compartment is modelled with RLC element.Qhd₁ and Qar₁are the "arm" and "head" flow respectively. Resistances, compliance and inertance are expressed in [mmHg·cm^-3·sec], [mmHg^-1·cm³] and [mmHg·cm^-3·sec²], respectively.

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (3/12).

The "discending aorta and aortic arch" compartment is modelled with with RLC element (Raa₂, Laa₂ and Caa₂). In the slide is reported the equation solving this part of the network.

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (4/12).

Thoracic section is reproduced by RLC elements (Rat₁, Lat₁ and Cat₁) with thoracic resistance (Rthor).

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (5/12).

Also the first part of the abdominal compartment is reproduced by RLC element (Rab₁, Lab₁ and Cab₁). The equation solves the network reported in figure.

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (6/12).

The second part of the abdominal compartment is modelled by RLC element (Rab₂, Lab₂ and Cab₂), the equation solving the network is shown in the lower part of the slide.

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (7/12).

The arms and head are modelled with 2-WM elements. Rhd₁ (Rar₁) is the head (arm) variable resistance.

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (8/12).

Also the renal and hepatic sections are modelled with two 2-WM elements. Rkid₁ (Rhep₁) is the kidney (hepatic) variable resistance. Cinf_VC is the compliance of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Qinf_VC (Pinf_VC) is the IVC flow (pressure). Cab (Rab) is the abdominal vena cava (AVC) compliance (resistance). Pab is the AVC pressure, Pkid (Phep) is the kidney (hepatic) pressure. The equations solve the electric analogue.

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (9/12).

The superior vena cava (SVC) section is modelled with a RC (2-WM) element. Pra is the right atrial pressure and Pt is the mean intrathoracic pressure.Qar₂ (Qhd₂) is the arms (head) blood flow. The inferior vena cava (IVC) flow is divided in two parts: one part (Qinf_VC1) is the input of SVC section and the second part (Qinf_VC2) is the input of the right atria. Qvenous is the coronary venous flow.

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (10/12).

The splanchnic compartment behvior is reproduced using 3-WM element consisting of variable resistance (Rsp₁), resistance (Rsp₂) and compliance (Csp). Pb is the breathing pressure, Psp (Phep) is the splanchnic (hepatic) pressure. For the second equation see the slide (8/12).

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (11/12).

The legs section is represented with 3-MW elements composed by a variable resistance (Rle₁) with a compliace (Cle) and a second resistance (Rle₂).

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Systemic Network 6 (12/12).

IVC and abdominal vena cava (AVC) are modelled with two RC (2-MW) elements. Qab is the abdominal vena cava blood flow. Qhep₂ (Qkid₂) is the blood flow from the hepatic (renal) section (see slide (8/12)).

In: B. De Lazzari, A. Iacovoni, K. Mottaghy, M. Capoccia, R. Badagliacca, C.D. Vizza, C. De Lazzari (2021). ECMO Assistance during Mechanical Ventilation: Effects Induced on Energetic and Haemodynamic Variables. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106003

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Circulatory Models

Systemic Network 6