Starting from basal patient conditions, Adenosine (1mg-bolus ic-intracoronary) was administrated to the patients. The described conditions were reproduced using CARDIOSIM^©, in order to study the drug effects on coronary blood flow. The simulator showed an increase (from basal conditions) of about 170% in coronary flow velocity. The lower central graph shows an increse in the coronary flow velocity/coronary pressure (F/P) slope three times higher than produced by AMLO administration. The simulations reproducing the administration of Amlodipine (2mg-bolus iv) showed that AMLO induces an increase of 25%-30% in CFV. This drug induces an increase the slope of F/P curve respect to basal conditions (see the lower central graph).

Both drugs did not induce significant changes in coronary pressure, while causing significant increases in peak and mean CFV as well as in flow-pressure diastolic slope. ADO induced a 170% increase in CFV (both mean and peak) as compared to only 25–30% with AMLO, and 250% increase in F/P diastolic slope as compared to 80%with AMLO (either 10 or 20 mg). Thus, the overall vasodilating effect of AMLO was clearly inferior to that of ADO, being more relevant on slope changes than on CFV.

Simulations showed that respet to basal conditions the ADO administration induces a progressive reduction of vessels resistance from epicardium (EPI) to endocardium (ENDO) or progressive vasodilatation from EPI to ENDO. Respect to control (basal) conditions, simulations reproducing AMLO administration,  highlighted a progressive reduction of vessele resistance (caliber > 100 micron) from EPI to ENDO, or progressive vasodilation from EPI to ENDO.